091 泡利不相容原理
Pauli Exc++lusion Principle
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泡利不相容原理
The Pauli exclusion principle is the principle, formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, which states that:
泡利不相容原则是由沃尔夫冈·泡利在1925年提出的原则，它指出:
No two electrons can occupy the same quantum-mechanical state within a given quantum system simultaneously.
在一个给定的量子系统中，没有两个电子可以同时占据相同的量子力学状态。
In terms of the quantum numbers:
在量子数方面:
No two electrons in an atom can have the same values of all four quantum numbers.
一个原子中的两个电子不可能具有所有四个量子数的相同值。
It is impossible for two electrons of a multielectron atom to have the same values of the four quantum numbers:
n – the principal quantum number,ℓ – the angular momentum quantum numbermℓ – the magnetic quantum number,ms – the spin quantum number.一个多电子原子中的两个电子不可能有四个量子数的相同值:
n -主量子数，l-角动量量子数mℓ（I是下标）-磁量子数，ms（s是下标） -自旋量子数。Mathematically this means the wavefunctions of the two particles must be antisymmetric which leads to the the probability amplitude of the wavefunction going to zero if the two fermionic particles are the same.
数学上，这意味着两个粒子的波函数必须是反对称的，这导致了如果两个费米粒子是相同的时候，其波函数的概率振幅趋近于零。
It is the Pauli exclusion principle that requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements.
泡利不相容原理要求原子中的电子占据不同的能级，而不是全部在基态中凝聚。在多电子原子的基态中，电子的排列顺序从最低能量态（基态）开始，逐步向上移动，直到每个原子的电子都被分配了一组独特的量子数。这一事实对元素周期表的建立具有关键的意义。
（待续）
